As the world moves toward more sustainable energy sources, DIY plug-in solar panels, often referred to as balcony solar, are gaining significant traction in regions like Germany and Spain. This trend is revolutionizing the way individuals and families consume energy, making it easier for apartment dwellers to take control of their electricity costs and reduce their carbon footprint.

In this blog, we’ll dive into the benefits of these innovative solar solutions and how they can help you save money while contributing to a cleaner environment. We’ll also explore why Xiamen Topfence Co., Ltd. is your perfect partner for implementing these solutions in your home.

 

 

What Are DIY Plug-In Balcony Solar Panels?

DIY plug-in solar panels are compact, easy-to-install solar systems that allow apartment owners and renters to harness solar energy without the need for a professional installation team. These systems are perfect for those living in apartments or homes where traditional solar installations may not be feasible.

Typically mounted on balconies or windowsills, these systems capture sunlight and convert it into usable electricity, which can be used to power household devices or reduce your reliance on the grid. The panels are plug-and-play, meaning they can be easily plugged into an existing socket to start generating power right away.

 

Why Are DIY Plug-In Solar Panels So Popular?

1. Easy Installation: Unlike traditional solar systems, DIY plug-in balcony solar panels don’t require specialized installation or modifications to your property. With simple, clear instructions, these systems can be set up within hours. For renters, this is a perfect option as it doesn't require permanent installation, and they can take it when moving.

2. Cost-Effective: The affordability of these systems is one of the key driving factors behind their growing popularity. With lower upfront costs compared to larger solar installations, DIY plug-in solar panels make renewable energy more accessible. They offer a fast return on investment by reducing monthly electricity bills.

3. Environmental Benefits: Solar power is one of the cleanest sources of energy. By switching to balcony solar, you can significantly reduce your household’s reliance on fossil fuels and decrease your carbon footprint, all while saving money.

4. Perfect for Small Spaces: Apartment dwellers and those with limited roof space benefit from balcony solar panels. These compact systems don’t take up valuable space, and their high efficiency means you can still generate a significant amount of energy without needing a large roof.

 

 

How Xiamen Topfence Co., Ltd. Can Help

Xiamen Topfence Co., Ltd. offers complete, high-quality solar systems, including DIY plug-in balcony solar panels, to suit various installation needs. With our expertise and capability to provide custom solar mounting systems, we can help you build a solar energy solution that’s tailored to your space.

Our products are designed with high-quality materials for durability and performance. Whether you’re looking for solar panel mounting brackets, inverters, or balcony panel kits, we provide everything you need for a complete solar solution.

Why Choose Xiamen Topfence Co., Ltd.?

• Complete Systems: We offer integrated systems that include all necessary components for easy installation, including solar panel mounting systems, inverters, and wiring solutions.
• High-Quality Materials: Our solar solutions are built using corrosion-resistant aluminum, ensuring longevity and reliability.
• Custom Solutions: We understand that each project is unique. Our team will work with you to provide customized systems that fit your needs and space requirements.
• Global Reach: With experience serving clients worldwide, including in Europe, we’re committed to helping you adopt renewable energy efficiently and affordably.

 

Get Started with Your Solar Solution Today!

Switching to solar energy has never been easier, especially with the rise of DIY plug-in balcony solar panels. If you’re ready to make the leap to a cleaner, more cost-effective energy solution, Xiamen Topfence Co., Ltd. is here to support you.

Contact us today to discuss your needs and let our team assist you in choosing the perfect solar solution for your home. With complete solar mounting systems and expert guidance, we make renewable energy accessible for everyone.

As the world shifts toward renewable energy, solar farms have become a cornerstone of sustainable power generation. However, one often overlooked aspect of solar farm development is the importance of solar farm fencing. In this blog post, we’ll explore why fencing is essential for solar farms, the different types of solar fencing available, and the materials commonly used. Whether you’re a solar farm developer, an energy enthusiast, or simply curious about solar infrastructure, this guide will shed light on this critical component.

 

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Why Do Solar Farms Need Fencing?

 

Security and Theft Prevention
Solar panels and associated equipment are valuable assets. Without proper fencing, solar farms are vulnerable to theft, vandalism, and unauthorized access. A robust solar farm fencing acts as the first line of defense, protecting your investment.

 

Safety Concerns
Solar farms often contain high-voltage equipment and machinery. Fencing ensures that people and animals stay out of harm’s way, reducing the risk of accidents and liability issues.

 

Wildlife Management
In rural areas, solar farms can attract wildlife, which may damage equipment or disrupt operations. Fencing helps keep animals at a safe distance while allowing smaller creatures to pass through with the right design.

 

Regulatory Compliance
Many local and national regulations require solar farms to be enclosed by fencing. Compliance with these rules is essential to avoid fines and legal complications.

 

 

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Types of Solar Farm Fencing

When it comes to solar farm fencing, there are several options to choose from, depending on your specific needs:

 

Chain Link Fencing
Chain link fences are the most common choice for solar farms due to their affordability, durability, and ease of installation. They provide excellent visibility and can be customized with additional security features like barbed wire or razor ribbon.

 

Welded Mesh Fencing
Welded mesh fences offer a more rigid and secure option compared to chain link. They are ideal for high-security areas and can withstand harsh weather conditions.

 

Wooden Fencing
While less common, wooden fences are sometimes used for aesthetic purposes, especially in residential or community solar projects. However, they require more maintenance and are less durable than metal options.

 

Electric Fencing
For added security, some solar farms opt for electric fencing. This type of fence delivers a non-lethal shock to deter intruders and is often used in conjunction with other fencing types.

 

Perimeter Security Fencing
High-security solar farms may require perimeter fencing with advanced features like anti-climb designs, motion sensors, and CCTV integration. These fences are typically made from heavy-duty materials like steel.

 

 

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Popular Materials for Solar Farm Fencing

The material you choose for your solar farm fencing will impact its durability, maintenance requirements, and overall effectiveness. Here are the most popular options:

 

Galvanized Steel
Galvanized steel is a top choice for solar fencing due to its strength, corrosion resistance, and longevity. It’s ideal for outdoor use and can withstand extreme weather conditions.

 

Aluminum
Aluminum fences are lightweight, rust-resistant, and low-maintenance. While not as strong as steel, they are a good option for smaller solar installations or areas with lower security needs.

 

Vinyl-Coated Chain Link
For added durability and aesthetics, some solar farms use vinyl-coated chain link fencing. The vinyl coating provides extra protection against rust and can be customized to blend with the surrounding environment.

 

Concrete and Masonry
In some cases, solar farms may use concrete or masonry walls for added security and privacy. While more expensive, these materials offer unparalleled strength and durability.

 

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Conclusion

Solar panel fencing is an essential component of any solar farm, providing security, safety, and regulatory compliance. Whether you opt for chain link, welded mesh, or high-security perimeter fencing, the right choice will depend on your specific needs and budget. By investing in quality materials like galvanized steel or aluminum, you can ensure your solar farm remains protected for years to come.

As the solar industry continues to grow, so does the importance of reliable and efficient fencing solutions. If you’re planning a solar farm or upgrading an existing one, don’t overlook the critical role of solar farm fencing in safeguarding your renewable energy investment.

As the demand for solar energy continues to grow, selecting the right solar racking system is essential to ensure the efficiency, longevity, and cost-effectiveness of solar projects. Aluminum ground mount solar racking has emerged as a popular choice due to its lightweight nature, corrosion resistance, and ease of installation. But is it the right option for your solar project? In this article, we’ll explore the advantages and potential drawbacks of aluminum ground mount solar racking to help you make an informed decision.

 

Advantages of Aluminum Ground Mount Solar Racking

1. Lightweight Yet Strong

Aluminum is significantly lighter than steel, making transportation and installation much easier. Despite its lightweight nature, aluminum is strong enough to support solar panels effectively, ensuring stability even in harsh environmental conditions.

2. Corrosion Resistance and Durability

Unlike steel, which requires galvanization to prevent rust, aluminum naturally resists corrosion. This makes aluminum racking an ideal choice for installations in humid, coastal, or high-salinity environments where traditional steel structures might degrade over time.

3. Ease of Installation

Aluminum racking systems are designed with modular and pre-assembled components, reducing installation time and labor costs. This simplifies the mounting process, making it ideal for both large-scale solar farms and small commercial or residential installations.

4. Cost-Effective Over Time

Although aluminum racking may have a slightly higher initial cost than some steel alternatives, its longevity and lower maintenance requirements translate into cost savings over time. There is no need for periodic anti-rust coatings or replacements due to corrosion, making it a cost-efficient investment.

5. High Compatibility and Customization

Many aluminum ground mount systems, especially the W-type structure, offer excellent adjustability. They can accommodate various solar panel sizes and be adapted for different terrains, including uneven ground and slopes.

6. Eco-Friendly and Recyclable

Sustainability is a key factor in the solar industry. Aluminum is 100% recyclable without losing its quality, making it a more environmentally friendly option compared to other materials. Choosing aluminum contributes to reducing the overall carbon footprint of a solar project.

 

Potential Drawbacks of Aluminum Ground Mount Solar Racking

1. Higher Initial Cost

While aluminum offers long-term savings, the upfront cost can be higher compared to some steel alternatives. However, this is often offset by lower maintenance expenses.

2. Lower Load-Bearing Capacity Compared to Steel

Aluminum is strong but not as dense as steel, meaning it may not be suitable for extremely heavy loads or high-wind zones without additional reinforcements. However, engineering solutions, such as thicker profiles or hybrid aluminum-steel structures, can mitigate this issue.

3. Thermal Expansion Considerations

Aluminum expands and contracts more than steel with temperature fluctuations. Proper engineering and installation techniques are required to accommodate this movement without compromising the integrity of the system.

 

Is Aluminum Ground Mount Solar Racking the Right Choice for You?

If your project requires a corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and easy-to-install solar racking system with long-term cost benefits, aluminum is a great choice. It is particularly suitable for projects in coastal or high-humidity regions and for those looking for sustainable, recyclable materials. However, for heavy-load applications or areas with extreme wind conditions, a detailed structural analysis is recommended to ensure stability.

By weighing the pros and cons, solar developers and installers can determine whether aluminum ground mount solar racking aligns with their project requirements and budget. As solar technology advances, aluminum remains a strong contender in the quest for efficient and durable solar mounting solutions.

How do half-cut solar cells work?

Half-cut solar cell technology increases the energy output of solar panels by reducing the size of the cells, so more can fit on the panel. The panel is then split in half so the top operates independently of the bottom, which means more energy is created – even if one half is shaded.

That’s the general overview – below, we break the process down.

Traditional monocrystalline solar panels usually have 60 to 72 solar cells, so when those cells are cut in half, the number of cells increases. Half-cut panels have 120 to 144 cells and are usually made with PERC technology, which offers higher module efficiency.

The cells are cut in half, very delicately, with a laser. By cutting these cells in half, the current within the cells is also halved, which essentially means that resistive losses from traveling energy via current are reduced, which, in turn, equals better performance.

Since the solar cells are cut in half, and are thereby reduced in size, they have more cells on the panel than traditional panels do. The panel itself is then split in half so that the top and bottom portions operate as two separate panels – generating energy even if one half is shaded.

The key to half-cut cell design is a different method of “series wiring” for the panel, or the way the solar cells are wired together and pass electricity through a bypass diode within a panel. The bypass diode, indicated by the red line in the images below, carries the electricity that the cells generate to the junction box.

In a traditional panel, when one cell is shaded or faulty and does not process energy, the entire row that is within the series wiring will stop producing power.

For example, let’s take a look at the traditional 3-string series wiring method:

With the traditional full cell string series wiring, shown above, if a solar cell in Row 1 does not have ample sunlight, every cell within that series will not produce energy. This knocks out a third of the panel.

A half-cut, 6-string solar panel works a bit differently:

If a solar cell in Row 1 is shaded, the cells within that row (and that row only) will stop producing power. Row 4 will continue to produce power, generating more energy than a traditional series wiring because only one-sixth of the panel has stopped producing power, instead of one-third.

You can also see that the panel itself is split in half, so there are 6 total cell groups instead of 3. The bypass diode connects in the middle of the panel, instead of on one side like the traditional wiring above.

What are the advantages of half-cut cells?

The advantages of half-cut cell panels are numerous.

They improve the power output and performance of solar modules because they offer a higher shade tolerance due to their unique wiring system. This means that if your home has some trees that cast shade onto your roof at certain times during the day, your entire solar panel will not be unusable, like it would with a traditional solar panel.

Another benefit is the fact that they usually offer a higher wattage than traditional panels, meaning they produce more power per square foot.

Additionally, the effects of hot spots are less severe on your solar panels with half-cut cells. Hot spots are the shifting of excess heat on a panel, say from a very hot part to the shaded, cooler section. With a half-cut cell, hot spots will not be as damaging because there are more cells to spread the excess heat to.

Half-cut cells also reduce power loss suffered by traditional panels by reducing internal resistance. Internal series resistance occurs just by the nature of energy traveling through the panel via electric current. But because solar cells are cut in half, there is less current generated from each cell, meaning less resistive losses.

Amid constant iteration in high-efficiency solar cell technology, domestic businesses have exceeded 23% in the efficiency of mass production at new PERC production lines in 2021, and managed to develop ceilings at an efficiency of almost 24%, which further solidifies the determination of domestic businesses in establishing additional production lines for the N-type solar cell.

 

 

In the race to develop the most efficient type of solar panels, manufacturers have developed bifacial solar panels. This type of panel has solar cells on both sides which allows the technology to capture more sunlight leading to greater solar cell efficiency compared to traditional solar arrays.

How Do Bifacial Solar Panels Work?
Lets first dig deep into how bifacial solar panels function. The top and bottom solar cells on a bifacial solar array function differently. The top solar cells function like a conventional solar panel array. They face the sun, so they capture incident sun rays directly, absorbing only certain wavelengths.

On the other hand, the bottom solar cells absorb light that is reflected off the ground. Since white or light colors reflect better than dark colors, painting a white or silver surface on the roof or driveway under the panels is encouraged. According to a study by Burns & McDonnell, white surfaces reflect more than 80% of this light while grass only reflects 23%.

How Is Bifacial Solar Panels Installed to Increase Efficiency?
To understand the difference, let’s first uncover how a monofacial solar array is set up. A monofacial solar panel system, or a group of one-sided solar panels, are placed in racks parallel to a surface such as a rooftop. Unlike single-sided panels, bifacial solar panels are installed on a tilt because they produce more energy when they are angled off of the roof or ground at varying degrees.

Below are three benefits of the titled installment of the bifacial solar array.

1. More sunlight to absorb
In these types of titled installations, there is a great amount of reflection. Because sunlight bounces off of all objects reflectively at many different angles, bifacial solar panels are able to capture more of it.

2. Productive on cloudy days
Because of the point above, bifacials can be productive on cloudy days while monofacial solar cells are at a greater disadvantage when there isn’t direct sunlight. Also, bifacials are less susceptible to weather damage because they are more durable. According to the Solar Magazine, because they are more durable than conventional solar panel systems, warranties for bifacial solar panels are typically 5+ years longer (that is, 30+ years versus 20–25 years).

3. Two energy peaks a day
A titled installation can also produce two energy peaks throughout the day based on their placement. For example, half of the bifacials in an array can be tilted toward the east to capture sunrise and morning rays. The second half can then be tilted to the west to soak up afternoon intensity and sunset rays.

Another installation that can achieve this is a vertical installation. During each peak, the reflection of sunlight on the other side of the solar panels will also contribute to energy production.

How Much More Efficient is a Bifacial Solar Array?
When we say efficiency, we are referring to how a solar cell takes the amount of solar energy it received and converts it into electrical energy. Although bifacials produce more electricity than monofacial panels, it definitely isn’t double the efficiency although solar panel manufacturers are working to make that happen in the future. Bifacials can increase energy efficiency by 11% compared to a conventional solar panel system, according to our study. And with a solar tracking system that tilts solar cells continuously toward the sun, the bifacial solar cell efficiency can be as high as 27%.

Floating solar farms gained traction in 2018, particularly in countries with high population density and with competing uses for limited available land. These also operate at high efficiency since installing the solar panels on water helps cool the equipment.

The Republic of Korea was among the first to pilot floating photovoltaic (PV) systems. State-owned Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water) began testing a 2.4-kilowatt (kW) model in 2009 on the surface of Juam Dam reservoir in Suncheon, South Jeolla Province. In October 2012, it constructed a 500-kW commercial plant at the Hapcheon Dam in South Gyeongsang Province after it developed a 100-kW demonstration plant in Hapcheon Dam the year before. This was the world’s first commercial floating solar PV installation using the surface of a dam reservoir and the country’s first floating solar farm.

The country currently operates three commercial floating solar power facilities that aim to contribute toward increasing the share of renewables to 20% of the energy mix by 2030 from the current level of 7%.

What is a floating solar photovoltaic system?

It is an eco-friendly method of generating electric power that combines marine technology and renewable energy technology. Solar modules are made to float on the surface of water, such as a dam or a reservoir. Electricity is sent through underwater cables to a transmission tower.

Figure 1: Floating PV Generation Concept

Source: K-Water

What are the benefits of a floating PV system?

• Promotes land-use efficiency. As the floating PV energy systems are set up on water, the land can be used for other purposes. It requires no construction on land or conversion of forest and farmlands for solar power facilities.
• Provides high-energy yield. The increased energy generation is due to the natural cooling effect of the water, which reduces rises in temperature of the solar modules.
• Saves water resources. It reduces the evaporation of water in the reservoir since the floating PV system blocks the sunlight.
• Uses an eco-friendly system. Natural fish farms thrive under the platform.

Four environmental impact analyses by the Korea Environmental Policy and Evaluation Institute (KEI) from 2011 to 2019, showed that the floating PV facilities caused no harm to the environment, developed a ground for fish spawning, increased aquatic plants, and reduced algae. Also, as of 2018, the floating solar farms in the country has reduced the amount of carbon emissions by 52,414 tons.

What are its features?

A floating solar power plant is composed of the solar module, buoyancy body, and anti-rust material, which includes the vertical frame and horizontal frames, inspection footrest, and module mount assembly.

The solar module should be highly resistant to humidity, lead-free, dust-proof, and protected against the effects of temporary jets of water, and it should have passed the drinking water test. Floating PV Mounting System is applied to solar pv power plant installation on the water. Adopting HDPE material, it should pass the Hunt Water Absorption Test, Anti-Aging Test, Anti-UV Test etc. Moreover, it can bear the pulling force that is much higher than other products. Adopting new module design in floater and main floater, it can realize the array of double row in the same facing or in symmetrical facing, which can increase the efficiency of solar power generation and installation capacity, be easily installed, and save the cost. and its lifetime has more than 25 years.

Figure 2: Floating PV Plant Components

SunEvo Solar Floating System

Solar panel testing and certifications

Like other types of electronics, solar panel modules go through rigorous testing before installation. These tests are critical to determining the quality and performance of panels under particular environmental stresses, as well as confirming they meet mandated safety requirements. In this article, we’ll review the most common testing and certifications for solar panels on the market today.

Why is solar panel testing important?

Solar panel testing is key to assuring both the quality and safety of a module. Photovoltaic Solar Panels have a long lifespan: properly built and installed equipment should generate usable electricity for more than 25 years. Given the longevity of your investment, you want to make sure that any equipment on your roof will perform well and operate safely on your roof.

With solar becoming more and more popular each day, many states, local governments, and utility companies have come out with new mandates that require any grid-tied solar equipment to hold specific certifications. The same holds true for some solar incentive programs; if you’re participating in a state-funded incentive program, don’t be surprised if they have certain testing or certification requirements for your chosen equipment.

Common solar panel testing & certification standards

While reviewing a solar panel spec sheet, you’ll likely notice a bunch of acronyms and random numbers listed under safety and rating certifications – what do these mean? Below are some of the most common solar panel testing standards and certifications to look for when comparing solar panels:

IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission
The IEC is a nonprofit that establishes international assessment standards for a bunch of electronic devices, including photovoltaic (PV) panels. Importantly, the IEC does not test or certify panels themselves – they establish the standards for other testing facilities to adhere to when evaluating solar panel quality.

IEC 61215: Standards for crystalline silicon terrestrial PV modules
IEC 61215 is one of the core testing standards for residential solar panels. If a solar panel module successfully meets IEC 61215 standards, that means it completed a number of stress tests and performed well in regards to quality, performance, and safety.

IEC 61215 standards apply to both monocrystalline and polycrystalline PV modules, which are the most common types of solar panels. The IEC sets different testing standards for other types of solar electric technologies, such as thin-film solar products (IEC 61646).

Solar panels that meet IEC 61215 standards are tested on the following (and more!):

Electrical characteristics (wet leakage current, insulation resistance)
Mechanical load test (wind and snow)
Climate tests (hot spots, UV exposure, humidity-freeze, damp heat, hail impact, outdoor exposure)
IEC 61215 tests also help determine a panel’s performance metrics at standard test conditions (STC), including temperature coefficient, open-circuit voltage, and maximum power output.

What are Standard Test Conditions (STC)?
When solar panels undergo performance testing, they do so at fixed laboratory conditions, known as Standard Test Conditions (STC). Because these conditions are the same across the industry, one panel’s performance metrics (such as power rating, module efficiency, optimal voltage, etc.) can be compared apples-to-apples against other available options.

IEC 61730: Standard for PV module safety
As with any electronic device, solar panels carry the risk of electrical shock if improperly built. That’s where IEC 61730 comes in: this standard address the safety aspects of a solar panel, encompassing both an assessment of the module’s construction and the testing requirements to evaluate electrical, mechanical, thermal, and fire safety. PV modules that successfully pass IEC 61730 tests run a low risk for these types of hazards.

IEC 62716: Ammonia corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules ammonia corrosion
Do you live on or close by to a farm? If so, keep an eye out for IEC 62716 – this is a test to determine a module’s resistance to ammonia. While most people don’t have to worry about their high concentrations of ammonia exposure with their PV modules, it can be a concern if you install your solar panel system close to farms and livestock. Ammonia corrosion can accelerate degradation in a panel, leading to lower overall electricity production over the lifetime of your system.

IEC 61701: Salt mist corrosion testing
If you’re lucky enough to be installing solar panels on a beach house, it’s worth checking to see your prospective solar panels have successfully passed IEC 61701 tests. With these tests, panels undergo a series of salt sprays in a controlled environment. After the sprays, testers inspect the modules for physical damage – such as corrosion or delamination– and assess their electrical output and overall performance. Panels that successfully pass IEC 61701 tests are definitely a suitable choice for beach-front solar panel systems or systems that will be in close proximity to roads experiencing high levels of salting in the winter.

IEC 60068-2-68: Blowing sand resistance testing
Some solar panels go through IEC 60068-2-68 testing to determine how well they hold up in sandy desert environments. Frequent exposure to abrasive sand can wear a panel down, leading to physical or mechanical defects over time. If you’re installing solar in an area that sees frequent sand or dust storms, try choosing a panel that successfully passed these tests to maximize the durability of your system.

UL: Underwriters Laboratories
Outside of IEC, the other most common acronym you’ll see on a spec sheet related to solar panel testing is UL. This stands for Underwriters Laboratories (UL), a global safety certification company based in the United States. They provide testing services and certifications for many different types of products, including electric appliances, industrial equipment, plastic materials, and more.

UL 1703: Standard for flat-plate PV modules and panels
UL 1703 is an industry-standard attesting to both the safety and performance of solar panel modules. Similarly to IEC 61215 or 61703 tests, panels with this certification go through simulated climatic and aging tests and have been deemed as safe in regards to mechanical loads, fire, and electrical hazards.

You may find that a solar panel spec sheet lists both UL 1703 and IEC 61730 under safety certifications; this is pretty typical for any solar panel sold worldwide. UL 1703 is a mandate for solar panels sold and installed in North America. IEC 61730, on the other hand, is internationally recognized for safety standards and is more widely applicable to the global solar market.

UL 61730: Photovoltaic module safety qualification
UL 61730, a more recent addition to solar panel testing and certifications, combines the testing procedures and standards of UL 1703 with IEC 61730, allowing for complete international approval in regards to a panel module’s safety and performance.

It will become more and more common to see this certification over time–as opposed to both UL and IEC–because it is often the more cost-effective option for manufacturers. In order to complete solar panel testing, manufacturers need to provide multiple solar panel samples. For companies that plan to sell in both North America and international markets, solely completing UL 61730 testing reduces the number of panel samples needed, allowing for reductions in testing time and costs.

 

The 166mm monocrystalline HJT solar cell developed by SunEvo has achieved a record-breaking conversion efficiency of 25.23% from the recent testing of the authoritative testing institution ISFH, which means SunEvo’s sturdy improvement in HJT solar cell technology, and indicates the company’s unswerving determination and strength in achieving the particular efficiency.

It is understood that SunEvo had achieved a conversion efficiency of 25.06% for the mass production line of 166 HJT solar PV cell on June 8th, before achieving a new world record of 25.23% by adopting the microcrystalline production process when working with leading HJT equipment supplier Maxwell. According to Doctor Wang, the CTO of SunEvo, the record is a new height achieved on microcrystalline craftsmanship that is possible for mass production, as well as a reliable guarantee in attaining a mass production efficiency of 25.5%.

Senior insiders of the industry commented that the regular-sized 166mm Champion cell announced by SunEvo still uses the sputtering TCO film for the PVD mass production process, which offers feasibility in extensive mass production, while the difficulty and gold content are self-evident. The company has been aggressively exploring methods in elevating efficiency and reducing cost, and achieved constant improvement in mere months, as well as multiple critical breakthroughs in N type high-efficiency mono-Si HJT solar cell technology.

Doctor Wang commented that HJT solar cells can be further improved in efficiency by replacing the current doped amorphous silicon with doped microcrystalline silicon or doped microcrystalline silicon oxide (carbide), where both the doping concentration and light transmittance would elevate, and the electrical resistance of the doped layer would reduce, before the current density of the HJT cell is magnified at the end. Doctor Wang said that the company anticipates a constantly improving record of efficiency, and these high-efficiency technologies will be applied on the production lines to achieve extensive production under low cost and applications for GW-grade 25%+ HJT cells.

HJT still possesses a relatively large sum of impedances and difficulties in progression after 30 years of development since 1990; thus, a reinforcement in the guidance and innovation of leading companies are exceedingly important in the expedition of commercial applications of HJT, as well as the actuation of technical upgrades in the relevant equipment and materials of the supply chain. On the occasion of HJT’s 30th anniversary, the Shanghai Solar Energy Society and the TestPV Forum will once again convene the “6th International Forum for the Leading Mass Production and Supply Chain Coordination of HJT”, which centralizes global businesses and experts from the research, manufacturing, application, and investment fields of solar cells, as well as comprehensively probes into the technology and popular market topics of each segment of the HJT industry chain, and penetrates into the future development orientation of HJT cells.

 

 

 

For more than ten years, the classic solar module with a cell size of 156 mm (M0 wafer), later 156.75 mm (M2 wafer), was considered as the standard solar PV module and was very popular.

The times when solar module dimensions have remained on the market over a longer period of time and could be established as a standard are now over. This became particularly noticeable at the beginning of 2020 when solar module producers from China started the trend towards ever larger solar module formats. Increasing wafer sizes are responsible for this.

 

 

As recently as 2018, 156.75 mm wafers accounted for about 80% of the market. In 2020, the upheaval came to 158.75 mm wafer sizes. The module outputs here range between 325 and 345 watts, and the dimensions are about 10 to 30 millimeters larger than a classic 60-cells PV module, depending on the design – so they are still very easy to move and process. However, the 158.75 mm solar cell, which was introduced only a few years ago, is already only available to a very limited extent.

Global Market Shares of Wafers by Size

A new size came onto the module market – M6 wafers with 166mm. In 2021, it turns out that this size has become the most widely installed solar module. This is a 120 cell with typically 350 to 380 watts solar panel.

But there seems to be no end in sight. The trend shows that it is possible to go even bigger. Wafer sizes of 182 mm (M10) and 210 mm (M12) have now arrived on the market. With the new cell sizes, a new power class is also emerging: M10-based modules have between 545 and 560 Wp Solar Panel.

 

 

According to the leading companies, modules with 182 mm wafers and 210 mm wafers are clearly superior to modules with smaller wafers in terms of manufacturing costs. Therefore, modules with these wafer sizes will probably prevail in the long term and make up the majority from 2022/2023.

Installers will also have to deal with this development. On the one hand, a certain increase in efficiency can usually be provided with the use of larger dimensions. On the other hand, handling according to the manufacturer’s installation instructions is only one aspect that must be considered. Larger module areas set new requirements for the module installation and the substructure, which may have to be planned and executed completely differently, with the same or lower frame thickness.